What happens if lysosomes do not work

Figure 3. Figure 4. Autophagic pathways. Lysosome reformation. Mitochondrial dysfunction and cytoplasmic protein aggregation. Lysosomal calcium homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum defects. The Golgi. Cellular metabolic stress. Therapeutic implications Over the past two decades there has been a remarkable expansion in the number of therapeutic strategies for LSDs that target different cellular organelles Table 2.

Table 2. POC, proof of concept. Conclusion In conclusion, we have provided some selective examples illustrating the complexity of how lysosomal dysfunction impinges upon multiple aspects of cell biology, often in unanticipated ways summarized in Fig.

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ONE LABEL, many different diseases Lysosomal disorders, sometimes called lysosomal storage disorders, are rare diseases caused by a mutation in a single gene. What are lysosomes? How do lysosomal disorders affect people living with these diseases? People with these disorders may have life-limiting symptoms and a significantly shortened life span.

How are lysosomal disorders treated? Among the advantages of ERTs: They slow progression of disease and in some cases can reverse damage to certain organs. ERTs can significantly improve symptoms.

For example: In people living with Gaucher disease, ERTs can dramatically reduce the size of enlarged spleens and livers. In people living with Fabry disease, ERTs can slow decline in renal function and improve peripheral neuropathy pain, numbness, or tingling in the hands or feet. ERTs have established a favorable safety profile and are generally well-tolerated over decades of use. ERTs also have limitations: Enzyme replacement does not address the underlying cause of lysosomal disorders and does not halt the overall progression of disease.

ERTs do not cross the blood-brain barrier and therefore cannot address neurological symptoms that may result from disease progression. For example: People living with Fabry disease may continue to experience impairment of executive function, which can affect their ability to plan, focus and remember instructions. Once ERTs are infused, the body begins to immediately break them down in the liver as well as in the circulation.

Genetic Disorders and Defects. Pediatric Lysosomal Storage Disorders. What is a Lysosomal Storage Disease? Types of Lysosomal Storage Diseases? The types that occur most often in babies and children include: Gaucher disease Niemann-Pick disease Fabry disease Tay-Sachs disease Mucopolysaccharidoses MPS diseases Pompe disease Symptoms of Lysosomal Storage Diseases Symptoms vary depending on the type of lysosomal storage disease your child may have.

One or more of these symptoms may occur: Delay in intellectual and physical development Seizures Facial and other bone deformities Joint stiffness and pain Difficulty breathing Problems with vision and hearing Anemia, nosebleeds, and easy bleeding or bruising Swollen abdomen due to enlarged spleen or liver Severe intellectual problems including mental retardation Behavioral problems including aggressive behavior and hyperactivity How Are Lysosomal Storage Diseases Diagnosed?

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